Physico-chemical Properties, Structures and Biological Applications of Functional Oligosaccharides
Manish Sachan, Pushpraj Singh
Abstract:
Oligosaccharides are a diverse and complex class of compounds that are broadly distributed in nature. These are the most biologically diverse and important carbohydrate among biological systems. Oligosaccharides of various origin like fruits, vegetables, milk, blood, bacteria, algae, fungi and higher plants have been used extensively both as food ingredients and pharmacological supplements. The non-digestible oligosaccharides have been implicated as dietary fibre, sweetener, weight controlling agent and humectant in confectioneries, bakeries and breweries. Functional oligosaccharides have been found effective in gastrointestinal normal flora proliferation and pathogen suppression, dental caries prevention, enhancement of immunity, facilitation of mineral absorption, source of anti-oxidant, antibiotic alternative, regulators of blood glucose in diabetics and serum lipids in hyperlipidemics. The enormous biological activities of oligosaccharides such as immunostimulant, anti-tumour, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-complementary, anti-viral, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic activity, lipid lowering and regulation of mineral absorption are well reported in medicinal literature. Apart from the pharmacological applications, oligosaccharides have found use in drug delivery, cosmetics, animal and fishery feed, agriculture etc. Keeping in view the importance of the functional oligosaccharides, we present an overview of their natural sources, types, structures and physiological properties. Recent promising developments in this area are presented to facilitate their further exploitation.
Keywords: Oligosaccharides, Prebiotics, Probiotics, Microbiota, Biological Activities, Physico-chemical Properties.
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