Volume 17

January-December 2025

Smart Delivery of Herbal Extracts: Controlled Release and Targeted Therapy

Jameel Ahmed S Mulla

Abstract: 
Traditional healthcare systems around the world have historically relied heavily on herbal remedies. However, problems like inadequate absorption, fast metabolism, and lack of site-specific distribution limit their practical use. Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies have opened new pathways for enhancing the therapeutic potential of herbal extracts through smart delivery systems. This review explores the integration of controlled release and targeted therapy strategies in the delivery of herbal compounds, focusing on nanocarriers, liposomes, phytosomes, and polymer-based systems. Key mechanisms enabling sustained release, stimuli-responsive behavior, and site-specific targeting are discussed in the context of improving pharmacokinetics and reducing off-target effects. The review also highlights current challenges, regulatory concerns, and future perspectives in translating these innovative systems into clinical practice. Smart delivery systems present a promising way to optimize the safety and effectiveness of herbal therapies by fusing traditional phytotherapy with contemporary delivery technologies.

Keywords: Herbal drug delivery, Smart delivery systems, Controlled release, Targeted therapy, Phytoconstituents, Phytosomes, Bioavailability.

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[46] Mulla JAS, Kapse MV. Exploring nanomedicine in cancer: Diagnosis, treatment and its potential applications. IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology. 2024; 9(2): 86-94.

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[48] Mulla JAS. Bridging the disciplines of molecular biology, nanotechnology, and nanomedicine. World Journal of Molecular Biology. 2024;1(1): 20-25.

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[66] DnyaneshwariMahadevShingate, Jameel Ahmed S Mulla. Exploring Liposomes: Comprehensive Classification, Preparation Techniques, and Composition Insights. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery. 2024;16(2): 80-90.

[67] Mulla JA, Mabrouk M, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Chejara DR, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Development of respirable rifampicin-loaded nano-lipomer composites by microemulsion-spray drying for pulmonary delivery. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2017 Oct 1;41:13-19.

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[71] Kumar A, Jain SK, Mishra DK, Gautam R. Influence of Drug Properties and Routes of Drug Administration on Design of Sustained and Controlled Release Systems. InNovel Carrier Systems for Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery 2024 Dec 24 (pp. 1-46). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

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[74] Nalawade SN, Mulla JAS, Kapse MV. Formulation and characterization of a topical Murrayakoenigii gel for antibacterial activity. World Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2023;1(1): 34-40.

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[76] Mulla JS, Khan AY, Panchamukhi SI, Khazi MA, Kalashetti MB, Khazi IM. Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of Mannich bases of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles. Indian Journal of Novel Drug delivery. 2011;3(4):289-295.

[77] Badiger NP, Mulla JS, Khazi I, Khazi IM. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of sulfide and sulfone derivatives of 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1, 3-thiazol-2-amine/acetamide. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2013;46:667-671.

[78] Ashok B, Kumar Naik KH, Mulla JAS, Naik N. An agile synthesis of 5-phenyl-1, 2, 3-selenadiazoles by using dabco as an efficient catalyst and their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015;5(4): 1404-1410.

[79] Kumar Naik KH, Ashok B, Naik N, Mulla JAS, Prakasha A. DNA binding, anti-inflammatory and analgesic evaluation of metal complexes of N/S/O donor ligands; Synthesis, spectral characterization. SpectrochimicaActa Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2015;141:88-93.

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[81] Patil MA, Mulla JAS. Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Mouthwash Containing Syzygiumaromaticum and Ocimum sanctum Extracts with Potential Antimicrobial Activity. World Journal of Molecular Pharmacology. 2024;1(1): 1-6.

[82] Payab M, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Aletaha A, Ghasemi N, Qorbani M, Atlasi R, Abdollahi M, Larijani B. Efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine. 2018 Jan 1;97(1):e8825.

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[84] Karimi N, Ghanbarzadeh B, Hamishehkar H, Keyvani F, Pezeshki A, Gholian MM. Phytosome and liposome: The beneficial encapsulation systems in drug delivery and food application.

[85] Setia A, Vallamkonda B, Challa RR, Mehata AK, Badgujar P, Muthu MS. Herbal theranostics: Controlled, targeted delivery and imaging of herbal molecules. Nanotheranostics. 2024 Mar 25;8(3):344.

[86] Boppana SH, Kutikuppala LS, Sharma S, Rangari G, Misra AK, Kandi V, Mishra S, Singh PK, Rabaan AA, Mohapatra RK, Kudrat‐E‐Zahan M. Current approaches in smart nano‐inspired drug delivery: A narrative review. Health Science Reports. 2024 Apr;7(4):e2065.

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[88] Mulla JAS, Chalke PM, Londhe SP, Patil MA, Nalawade SN, Sawant RR. Design and Optimization of Nanosponges of Poorly Soluble Voriconazole Using Central Composite Design. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery. 2023;15(4): 189-199.

[89] Mhoprekar JD, Mulla JA. Nanosponges drug delivery: A concise review. World Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2023;1(1):17-28.

[90] Mabrouk M, Chejara DR, Mulla JA, Badhe RV, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Du Toit LC, Pillay V. Design of a novel crosslinked HEC-PAA porous hydrogel composite for dissolution rate and solubility enhancement of efavirenz. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2015 Jul 25;490(1-2):429-37.

[91] Hogale AB, Mulla JAS. Formulation and Characterization of rapidly dissolving buccal films of montelukast sodium. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery. 2021; 13(3): 144-148.

[92] Nikam GG, Mulla JAS. Design, Development and Characterization of Fast Dissolving Oral Film of Clonazepam. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery. 2020Jan-Mar; 12(1): 48-54.

[93] Mulla JS, Khazi IM. Influence of Process Variables on Particle Size of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery. 2009; 1(1): 47-49.

[94] Mulla JAS, Hajare SC, Doijad RC. Particle Size and It’s Importance in Industrial Pharmacy: A Review. Indian Journal of Novel Drug delivery. 2016;8(4):191-198.

[95] Mulla JS, Sharma NK, Khazi IM. Solid lipid nanoparticles: Measures of characterization. Indian Journal of Novel Drug delivery. 2011;3(2): 258-263.

[96] Mabrouk M, Mulla JA, Kumar P, Chejara DR, Badhe RV, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Intestinal targeting of ganciclovir release employing a novel HEC-PAA blended lyomatrix. AAPS PharmScitech. 2016 Oct;17(5):1120-30.

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