The Therapeutic Potential of Calendula Officinalis in Dermatology: Traditional Medicine for the Management of Common Dermatologic Conditions
Shweta Bajaj, Arun Kumar, Ankit Tyagi, Preetshikha
Abstract:
Typical names on behalf of Calendula officinalis, an orchid of the Asteraceae family, comprise pot marigold, poet’s marigold, English marigold, and Scotch marigold. This herb contains diverse therapeutically active medicinal compounds viz. terpenoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, steroids, essential oils, triterpenoids and flavonoids. All these bioactive compounds contribute different vivid antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, gastrointestinal disorders and antimicrobials characteristics, making Calendula officinalis a worthy competitor for the treatment of numerous dermal issues, specially skin lesion and allergies. The various parts of Calendula are having medicinal values for different pharmaceutical dermal formulations, perfumery, food and cosmetic products due to its soothing effects like sensitive skin, after-sun and eye contour good on human skin when applied topically. Calendula extract can be employed as a biomaterial acquainted with topical medicament remittance systems owing to skin wounds management and cryotherapy as calendula-based formulations are known for their slightest negative impacts and accentuated efficacy. It has also been used for the management of another skin problem called gangrene. It also serves in the form of bioactive material in the drug delivery systems, improving the effectiveness of the treatment offering many health benefits. This review concentrates on the modernistic intermixture of the dosage form, drug delivery system and medicinal applications, centralizing its wound healing pursuit. There is also a need to find out the limitations of Calendula’s therapeutic uses with different aspects of skin lesions, dermal problems and wound healing. More clinical trials must be carried out to identify its potentiality on pregnant women, pediatric and geriatric population.
Keywords: Calendula officinalis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Antiulcer, Antioxidant, Angioedema.
References:
[1] D. Egeli. Calendula officinalis L, in: F.T. Güra˘gaç Dereli, M. Ilhan, T. Belwal (Eds.), Novel Drug Targets with Traditional Herbal Medicines. Springer International Publishing, Cham. 2022: 49-71. ISBN 978-3-031-07752-4.
[2] A. Khouchlaa, A. El Baaboua, H. El Moudden, F. Lakhdar, S. Bakrim, N. El Menyiy, O. Belmehdi, H. Harhar, N. El Omari, A. Balahbib. Traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological investigations of calendula arvensis L.: A comprehensive review, Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2482544.
[3] British herbal compendium: A handbook of scientific information on widely used plant drugs, in: P.R. Bradley, British Herbal Medicine Association (Eds.), British Herbal Medicine Association: Bournemouth, Dorset, 1992. ISBN 978-0-903032-09-4.
[4] D. Arora, A. Rani, A. Sharma. A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula, Phcog. Rev. 2013; 7: 179. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.120520.
[5] Shoukri MM, Colak D, Donner A.Likelihood inference on the relative risk in split-cluster designs. Clin Trials J Soc Clin Trials. 2011; 8(1): 37–47. doi: 10.1177/1740774510392254
[6] Y. Zhou, D. Wang, W. Yan. Treatment effects of natural products on inflammatory bowel disease in vivo and their mechanisms: based on animal experiments, Nutrients. 2023; 15: 1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15041031.
[7] P.K. Verma, R. Raina, M. Sultana, M. Singh, P. Kumar. Total antioxidant and oxidant status of plasma and renal tissue of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic rats: protection by floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn, Ren. Fail. 2016; 38: 142–150. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2015.1103585.
[8] D. Silva, M.S. Ferreira, J.M. Sousa-Lobo, M.T. Cruz, I.F. Almeida. Antiinflammatory activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower extract, Cosmetics. 2021; 8: 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8020031.
[9] K.C. Preethi, G. Kuttan, R. Kuttan. Anti-inflammatory activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis Linn. and its possible mechanism of action, Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2009; 47: 113–120.
[10] A. Wadaan, 2019. Calendula arvensis L. as an anti-cancer agent against breast cancer cell lines, Mol. Biol. Rep. 2019; 46: 2187-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-04672-3.
[11] M. Khairnar, B. Pawar, P. Marawar, A. Mani. Evaluation of Calendula officinalis as an anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agent, J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 2013; 17: 741. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.124491.
[12] L.M. Ferreira, M.C. de, E. de S. Bandeira, M.F. Gomes, D.G. Lynch, G.N.T. Bastos, J.O.C. Silva-Júnior, R.M. Ribeiro-Costa. Polyacrylamide hydrogel containing calendula extract as a wound healing bandage: in vivo test, Indian J. Manag. Sci. 2023; 24: 3806. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043806.
[13] A. Romm, B. Clare, L. Alschuler, C. Hobbs, R. Upton. Vaginal infections and sexually transmitted diseases, in: Botanical Medicine for Women’s Health, Elsevier. 2010; 256–289. ISBN 978-0-443-07277-2.
[14] R. Foulkes, E. Man, J. Thind, S. Yeung, A. Joy, C. Hoskins. The regulation of nanomaterials and nanomedicines for clinical application: current and future perspectives, Biomater. Sci. 2020; 8 : 4653–64.
[15] Ibrahim S. Abbas. Effect of biological competition of weeds on Growth and volatile Oil yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) As medicinal plant used in herbal medicine of Iraq. Int.J. of pharm. And pharmaceutical Research. 2013; 6(1): 217-219.
[16] Dania F, Alsaffar, Ibrahim S. Investigation of the main Alkaloid of London Rocket (Sisymbrium irol) as a wild medicinal plant grown in Iraq. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2016; 39(1): 279-281.
[17] Noor S. Jaafar, Maha N. Hamad, Ibrahim S. Abass, Iman S. Jaafer. Qualitative phytochemical comparison between flavonoids and phenolic acids contents of leaves and fruits of melia azedarach (family: meliaceae) cultivated in Iraq by HPLC and HPTLC. Int .J. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016; 8(10): 242-250.
[18] BP. Muley, SS. Rhadabadi, NB. Banarase. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A Review, Tropical Journal of Pharmacentical Research. 2009; 8(5): 455.
[19] Jura Bernatoniene, Ruta Masteikova. Topical application of Calendula officinalis (L.): Formulation and evaluation of hydrophilic cream with antioxidant activity. J. of medicinal plant research. 2011; 5(6): 868-877.
[20] Preethi KC, Kuttan G, Kuttan R. Anti-inflammatory activity of flower extract of C. officinalis Linn. and its possible mechanism of action. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 2009; 47: 113-120.
[21] Hadfield RA, Vlahovic TC, Khan T. The use of marigold therapy for podiatric skin conditions. Foot Ankle J. 2008; 1(7): 1-8.
[22] Schneider F, Danski MTR, Vayego SA. Usage of Calendula officinalis in the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2015; 49(2): 221–28. doi: 10.1590/S0080-623420150000200006
[23] Cox JD, Stetz J, Pajak TF. Toxicity criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995; 31(5):1341-1346.
[24] Cruceriu D, Balacescu O, Rakosy E. Calendula officinalis: potential roles in cancer treatment and palliative care. Integr Cancer Ther. 2018; 17(4): 1068–78. doi: 10.1177/1534735418803766
[25] Neukirch H, D’Ambrosio M, Dalla V.J, Guerriero A. Simultaneous quantitative determination of eight triterpenoid monoesters from flowers of 10 varieties of Calendula officinalis L. and characterisation of a new triterpenoid monoester. Phytochem. Anal. 2004; 15: 30–35.
[26] Komissarenko N.F, Chernobai V.T, Derkach AI, 1998. Flavonoids of inflorescences of Calendula officinalis. Chem. Nat. Compd. 1998; 24: 675–680.
[27] Parente LM, Andrade MA, Brito LA, Moura VM, Miguel MP, Lino-Junior RS, Tresvenzol LF, Paula JR, Paulo NM. Angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis flowers L. in rats. Acta Cir. Bras. 2011; 26: 19-24.
[28] Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Babazadeh OD, Morton DW, Yusof AP. Rapid evaluation and comparison of natural products and antioxidant activity in calendula, feverfew, and German chamomile extracts. J. Chromatogr A. 2015; 1385: 103-110.
[29] Lohani A, Mishra AK, Verma A. Cosmeceutical Potential of Geranium and Calendula Essential Oil: Determination of Antioxidant Activity and in Vitro Sun Protection Factor. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2019; 18: 550–557.
[30] Rajwinder K, Singh R, Lalit Jaswinder, K. Rajat. Evaluation of the Antidepressant Like Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Calendula officinalis Using Rodent Models (Wistar Rat) of Depression. Curr. Psychopharmacol. 2020; 9: 58–67.
[31] Vidal-Ollivier E, Elias R, Faure F. Flavonol glycosides from Calendula officinalis flowers. Planta Med. 1989; 55(1): 73–74.
[32] Kerkach AI, Komissarenko NF, Chernobai VT. Coumarines of the inflorescences of Calendula officinalis and Helichrysum arenarium. Chem Nat Compd. 1986; 22(6): 722–723.
[33] Ali EM, Abd El-Moaty H, 2017. Antifungal Activity of Achillea santolina L. and Calendula officinalis L. Essential Oils and Their Constituents Against Fungal Infection of Liver as Complication of Cyclophosphamide Therapy. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 2017; 20:1030-1043.
[34] Rathod L, Bhowmick S, Patel P, Sawant K. Calendula Flower Extract Loaded PVA Hydrogel Sheet for Wound Management: Optimization, Characterization and in-Vivo Study. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2022; 68: 103035.
[35] Pandey P, Despande B, Sarkar AK. A Pharmacological Study on the Effect of Calendula officinalis Leaf Extract on Excision Wound Healing in Swiss Albino Mice. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci. 2022; 9: 109-113.
[36] Ebrahimi E, Shirali S, Talaei R. The Protective Effect of Marigold Hydroalcoholic Extract in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats: Evaluation of Cardiac and Pancreatic Biomarkers in the Serum. J. Bot. 2016; 20(16): 9803928
[37] Lohani A, Morganti P. Age-Defying and Photoprotective Potential of Geranium/Calendula Essential Oil Encapsulated Vesicular Cream on Biochemical Parameters against UVB Radiation Induced Skin Aging in Rat. Cosmetics. 2022; 9: 43.
[38] Ghodoosi S, Namazi Z, Mashhadiabbas F, Bakhtiari S, Afraz ES. Efficacy of 10% Calendula officinalis Extract Gel for Oral Wound Healing in Rats. J. Biol. Stud. 2022; 5: 52-63.
[39] Kuttan G, Kuttan R, Preeti KC. Antioxidant Potential of an Extract of Calendula officinalis. Flowers in Vitro. and in Vivo. Pharm. Biol. 2008; 44: 691–697.
[40] Webster D, Taschereau P, Belland RJ, Sand C, Rennie RP. Antifungal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts; Preliminary Screening Studies. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 115: 140–146.
[41] Sahane K, Kshirsagar M, Tambe S. An updated review on the multifaceted therapeutic potential of Calendula officinalis L. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16: 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040611
[42] Pommier P, Gomez F, Sunyach MP, D’Hombres A, Carrie C, Montbarbon X, 2004. Phase III Randomized Trial of Calendula officinalis Compared with Trolamine for the Prevention of Acute Dermatitis during Irradiation for Breast Cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2004; 22: 1447-53.
[43] Giostri G.S, Novak E.M, Buzzi M, Guarita-Souza LC. Treatment of AcuteWounds in Hand with Calendula officinalis L.: A Randomized Trial. Tissue Barriers. 2021; 10: 1994822
[44] Pazhohideh Z, Mohammadi S, Bahrami N, Mojab F, Abedi P, Maraghi E. The Effect of Calendula officinalis versus Metronidazole on Bacterial Vaginosis in Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. 2018; 9: 19-31.
[45] Khairnar MS, Pawar B, Marawar PP, Mani A. Evaluation of Calendula officinalis as an Anti-Plaque and Anti-Gingivitis Agent. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 2013; 17: 741.
[46] Panahi Y, Sharif MR, Sharif A, Beiraghdar F, Zahiri Z, Amirchoopani G, Marzony ET, Sahebkar A. A Randomized Comparative Trial on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Topical Aloe Vera and Calendula officinalis on Diaper Dermatitis in Children. Sci. World J. 2012; 20(12): 810234.
[47] De Angelis C, Di Stadio A, Vitale S, Saccone G, De Angelis MC, Zizolfi B, Di Spiezio Sardo A. Use of Calendula Ointment after Episiotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020; 35: 1860–1864.
[48] Singh M, Bagewadi A. Comparison of Effectiveness of Calendula officinalis Extract Gel with Lycopene Gel for Treatment of Tobacco-Induced Homogeneous Leukoplakia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int. J. Pharm. Investig. 2017; 7: 88.
[49] Hsia CW, Lin KC, Lee TY, Hsia CH, Chou DS, Jayakumar T, Velusamy M, Chang CC, Sheu JR. Esculetin, a Coumarin Derivative, Prevents Thrombosis: Inhibitory Signaling on PLC2–PKC–AKT Activation in Human Platelets. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20: 2731.
[50] Saffari E, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Adibpour M, Mirghafourvand M, Javadzadeh Y. Comparing the Effects of Calendula officinalis and Clotrimazole on Vaginal Candidiasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Women Health. 2016; 57: 1145–1160.
[51] Buzzi M, De Freitas F, De Barros Winter M. Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Calendula officinalis Extract in Venous Leg Ulcer Healing. J. Wound Care. 2016; 25: 732–739.