Abstract: 
The purpose of this study was to review the literature and current guidelines for the surgical and non-surgical treatments of arthritis. Despite the fact that the published guidelines offer well-known assistance, the complexity of underlying mechanisms requires that measures designed to relieve pain. Although, surgical management consists of arthroscopy, osteotomy, arthroplasty and exercise programs for non-surgical management and it has been proven to be effective. It follows that the combination of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies offers a pleasant possibility of therapeutic success, although it remain difficult to establish the effectiveness of such complex interventions. Pharmacological therapy is often prolonged and tolerance problems prove to be as important as effectiveness over time. Recently systematic reviews and individual studies confirm the effectiveness of aerobic and strength exercise programmes and evidence for the promotion of physical activity according to public health recommendations. For exercise, physical activity programmes and selfmanagement interventions in arthritis, research is increasingly focused on optimizing their content, intensity, frequency, duration, mode of delivery and effective implementation techniques. They are recommended in young and energetic patients in regard to the risks and limited durability of total knee replacement and this is a safe method in the elderly patients. Its treatment should be initially non-operative and requires both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. This issue has been addressed over recent months in updated guidelines and these guidelines describe three treatments: nonpharmacological, pharmacological and surgical. This paper summarizes current surgical and non-surgical treatment strategies and focuses on the latest advances and evidence.

Keywords: Arthritis, Inflammation, Joint, Non-surgical, Pain, Surgical.