Volume 16

July-September 2024

Review Articles

Priyanka Jadhav, Jameel Ahmed S. Mulla

Abstract: 
Nanotechnology, a multidisciplinary field, has emerged as a transformative force in various industries, particularly medicine. Among its innovations, nanosponges stand out as a promising class of nanomaterials, distinguished by their porous, sponge-like structures. Typically synthesized through the cross-linking of cyclodextrins, nanosponges exhibit remarkable capabilities in drug administration and diagnostics because of their capacity to encapsulate diverse molecules. These properties enable enhanced solubility, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Nanosponges are fabricated using various techniques, such as quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion, ultrasound-assisted synthesis, and melt methods, each influencing their particle size, surface charge, and drug-loading capacity. These methods ensure reproducibility, scalability, and compliance with regulatory standards. Evaluation methods like thermo-analysis, microscopy, zeta potential, and particle size determination further affirm their efficiency and compatibility. They also find applications in diagnostics, serving as biosensors and imaging agents, and in theranostics for simultaneous disease detection and treatment. Additionally, they hold potential in gene delivery, tissue engineering, and vaccine development.Future research aims to address these issues and explore novel applications, positioning nanosponges as a pivotal tool in advancing healthcare and biomedical technologies.

Keywords: Nanosponges, Cyclodextrins, Controlled release, Targeted delivery.

Priyanka Shinde, Jameel Ahmed S. Mulla

Abstract: 
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic ailment due to somatosensory system dysfunction, affecting 7–8% of the global population. Conventional oral anticonvulsants like gabapentin, pregabalin, and carbamazepine exhibit limitations, including poor bioavailability, systemic side effects, and patient non-compliance. Nanoemulsion-based transdermal delivery systems offer a novel approach to overcoming these challenges by enhancing drug solubility, stability, and skin penetration. These isotropic colloidal systems, with droplet sizes of 20–200 nm, incorporate oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants to bypass the gastrointestinal tract, reduce first-pass metabolism, and achieve sustained drug release. Formulation techniques such as ultrasonication, microfluidization, and spontaneous emulsification ensure stable and uniform nanoemulsions for efficient transdermal drug delivery. This strategy addresses the limitations of oral administration while minimizing systemic side effects, improving patient compliance, and enabling localized pain relief. Despite these advantages, challenges persist, including stability issues, scalability, and regulatory hurdles. Future innovations, such as smart nanoemulsions, personalized medicine approaches, and green formulations, are poised to transform chronic pain management and enhance therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords: Nanoemulsion, Neuropathic pain, Anticonvulsants, Nanoemulsion-based transdermal systems.

Omkar Tambvekar, Gangotri Yadav, Mayuri Mhatre, Ashish Jain

Abstract: 
Breast cancer is still a major worldwide health concern, so new treatment approaches must be continuously investigated. Drug delivery methods based on nanoparticles have shown great promise in improving the effectiveness of anticancer medications by getting beyond biological obstacles such restricted penetration through tumour tissues. The purpose of this abstract is to give a brief summary of how well nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems work to improve the penetration of anticancer medications by using permeation enhancer, particularly those used to treat breast cancer.The field of epidemiological study has made substantial progress in our comprehension of the genetic and environmental factors that influence the risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related fatalities in the United States, after lung cancer, and it is a major source of misery and early death among women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have established a number of risk factors for breast cancer, including race, ethnicity, family history of the disease, genetic predispositions, and modifiable exposures such as alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, hormone use, and specific reproductive factors in women.This review examines the existing review on utilizing nanoparticle-based systems for delivering drugs in cancer treatment, and it evaluates their effectiveness. These nanoparticles hold promise in improving the delivery of anticancer drugs, decreasing toxicity in the body, and improving treatment outcomes. Numerous studies, both in preclinical and clinical settings, have demonstrated encouraging results. Nevertheless, there are hurdles like restricted drug loading, stability concerns, and potential adverse effects that must be overcome to facilitate their practical application in clinical settings.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Nanoparticle, Toxicity, Drug delivery Treatment.

Mhatre Mayuri, Yadav Gangotri, Omkar Tambvekar, Jain Ashish

Abstract:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous (AqE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of sinapis alba L.. The antioxidant activity was carried out by free radical scavenging method (DPPH) and bleaching of β-carotene, the anti-inflammatory was evaluated in vitro according to the test of inhibition protein (ovalbumin) denaturation and in vivo by the ear edema test induced by xylene (topical application). According to obtained results, total polyphenols content in ethanolic extract was 133.625±4.309μgGAE/mgE, while in aqueous extract was 87.533±7.416μg GAE/mgE. Ethanolic extract was found to be richer in flavonoids (22.199±0.763μgQE/mgE) in comparison with aqueous extract (14.068±1.308μgQE/mgE). In the DPPH assay, ethanolic extract showed the higher scavenging capacity (IC50 = 0.097±0.013mg/ml) followed by aqueous extract with IC50 of 0.162±0.01mg/ml. Whereas, ethanolic extract showed the best inhibitory capacity of the coupled oxidation of linoleic acid/ β-carotene (71.024±12.9%). The anti-inflammatory activity in vitro was 66% and 72% in aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively compared to diclofenac 62%, the antiinflammatory activity in vivo showed that after 2 hours of the treatment by aqueous extract produced a significant inhibition 87%.

Keywords: Sinapis alba L., Polyphenols, Antioxidant Activity, Anti-inflammatory Activity

Research Articles

Nandhini M, Suganya T, Yamuna R, Keerthika A, Sindhu C, Anisha B, Voleti Vijaya Kumar

Abstract:
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic ailment due to somatosensory system dysfunction, affecting 7–8% of the global population. Conventional oral anticonvulsants like gabapentin, pregabalin, and carbamazepine exhibit limitations, including poor bioavailability, systemic side effects, and patient non-compliance. Nanoemulsion-based transdermal delivery systems offer a novel approach to overcoming these challenges by enhancing drug solubility, stability, and skin penetration. These isotropic colloidal systems, with droplet sizes of 20–200 nm, incorporate oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants to bypass the gastrointestinal tract, reduce first-pass metabolism, and achieve sustained drug release. Formulation techniques such as ultrasonication, microfluidization, and spontaneous emulsification ensure stable and uniform nanoemulsions for efficient transdermal drug delivery. This strategy addresses the limitations of oral administration while minimizing systemic side effects, improving patient compliance, and enabling localized pain relief. Despite these advantages, challenges persist, including stability issues, scalability, and regulatory hurdles. Future innovations, such as smart nanoemulsions, personalized medicine approaches, and green formulations, are poised to transform chronic pain management and enhance therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords: Dapsone, Fast disintegrating tablets, Banana powder,Plantago ovata and fenugreek seed mucilage, In vitro dispersion time.

 
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