Volume 17, Issue 2, Apr-Jun 2025

Volume 17

April-June 2025

Advances in Nanosponge Technology: A Comprehensive Review

Rutuja A Patil, Priyanka A Thorat, Priyanka S Jadhav

Abstract:
Nanosponge technology has emerged as a promising platform for diverse applications, particularly in drug delivery. These unique, cross-linked polymeric micro- or nanoparticles with internal cavities offer significant advantages over conventional delivery systems. This review comprehensively examines the advancements in nanosponge technology, encompassing materials, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and a wide array of applications. The review begins by defining nanosponges and outlining their key characteristics, highlighting their high porosity, biocompatibility, and capacity for encapsulating various therapeutic agents. It then delves into the diverse polymers employed in nanosponge fabrication, such as hyper-crosslinked polymers, cyclodextrins, and chitosan, and discusses the various synthesis techniques, including emulsion solvent diffusion, Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis, Hyper crosslinked method, solvent method. A detailed analysis of characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and is presented, focusing on assessing size, morphology, porosity, and drug loading/release profiles. The review further explores the broad spectrum of nanosponge applications, with a primary focus on drug delivery, including pharmaceutical applications.

Keywords: Nanosponge Technology, Drug Delivery, Encapsulation, Biocompatibility, Cross-linked Polymers, Characterization Techniques.

The Therapeutic Potential of Calendula Officinalis in Dermatology: Traditional Medicine for the Management of Common Dermatologic Conditions

Shweta Bajaj, Arun Kumar, Ankit Tyagi, Preetshikha

Abstract:
Typical names on behalf of Calendula officinalis, an orchid of the Asteraceae family, comprise pot marigold, poet’s marigold, English marigold, and Scotch marigold. This herb contains diverse therapeutically active medicinal compounds viz. terpenoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, steroids, essential oils, triterpenoids and flavonoids. All these bioactive compounds contribute different vivid antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, gastrointestinal disorders and antimicrobials characteristics, making Calendula officinalis a worthy competitor for the treatment of numerous dermal issues, specially skin lesion and allergies. The various parts of Calendula are having medicinal values for different pharmaceutical dermal formulations, perfumery, food and cosmetic products due to its soothing effects like sensitive skin, after-sun and eye contour good on human skin when applied topically. Calendula extract can be employed as a biomaterial acquainted with topical medicament remittance systems owing to skin wounds management and cryotherapy as calendula-based formulations are known for their slightest negative impacts and accentuated efficacy. It has also been used for the management of another skin problem called gangrene. It also serves in the form of bioactive material in the drug delivery systems, improving the effectiveness of the treatment offering many health benefits. This review concentrates on the modernistic intermixture of the dosage form, drug delivery system and medicinal applications, centralizing its wound healing pursuit. There is also a need to find out the limitations of Calendula’s therapeutic uses with different aspects of skin lesions, dermal problems and wound healing. More clinical trials must be carried out to identify its potentiality on pregnant women, pediatric and geriatric population.

Keywords: Calendula officinalis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Antiulcer, Antioxidant, Angioedema.

The New Paradigm in Drug Discovery: Novel Drug Delivery System

Mantun Prasad Gupta, Ranjan Kumar Singh, Rajeswari Tanniru, Chennu MM Prasada Rao, Ajay Garg

Abstract:
Transforming a conventional medicinal molecule into a novel delivery method will help to increase patient efficacy, safety, and adherence. One could improve the effectiveness of a current medication molecule by utilizing a novel drug delivery method. Targeting drugs at specific areas and rates presents difficulties that a well-organized, novel drug delivery system successfully addresses. Pharmaceutical companies have been driven to create innovative drug delivery methods by the need for efficient drug administration with the lowest adverse effects. Important elements of novel drug delivery systems and their several categories are investigated in this paper. Initially started many years ago, the evolution of Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) has been rather advanced recently. Compared to conventional dose forms, NDDS offers advantages, including improved therapeutic results. In the new patent system, NDDS is chosen to bring fresh ideas into the controlled market. Microparticles, nanoparticles, osmotically modulated systems, transdermal therapeutic systems, aquasomes, dendrimers, multiple emulsions, micro-emulsions, liposomes, niosomes, pharmacophores, self-regulating systems, and brain-targeted delivery systems have been developed in recent years in many forms. India is showing a similar trend since certain pharmaceutical companies are shifting their attention towards NDDS development. Public and commercial sectors of research are being carried out in India, which is producing a range of items available on the market. In this study, we have summarized all the types of NDDS, their advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of NDDS which can be beneficial for new researchers in the treatment of some chronic diseases.

Keywords: Drug Delivery System, Novel Drug Delivery System, Nanoparticles, Transdermal Therapeutic Systems, Nanoparticles, Brain-Targeted Delivery Systems.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Medicated Jelly

Sushmitha K, Sai Sirini P, Tejaswini C H, Bhuvaneshwari C H, Ashish Kumar S, Anil Kumar B

Abstract:
Medicated jellies are semi-solid dosage forms designed to deliver drug through the oral route with improved patient compliance, especially for pediatric and geriatric patients. The demand for natural immunity-boosting formulations has increased significantly due to growing health awareness. In this study, we selected medicinal plants such as Carica papaya, Piper betel, Withania somnifera and Morinda citrifolia. The medicated jellies were formulated using decoctions of Carica papaya (papaya) leaves and Piper betel (betel) leaves both known for immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. The natural sweetening agents are used such as sugarcane molasses, stevia & jaggery. The jellies were prepared by heating and congealing method using natural gelling agents such as agar, gelatin, pectin. The prepared formulations were evaluated for physicochemical parameters including appearance, colour, odour, texture, pH, viscosity, syneresis, spreadability, invitro drug release. The physicochemical evaluation of the developed formulation has shown reddish brown colour, sweet pungent aroma, good spreadability, viscosity, syneresis, and pH almost near to saliva. The maximum amounts of % drug release of the formulations shown are F₅-95.64%, F₂-92.84%, F₆-91.75%. So, the formulated jellies possess excellent potential as natural immunity boosters, their palatable taste, ease of administration. Further support is required to extend Future clinical and toxicological validation for market applications.

Keywords: Immunity, Polyherbal Medicated Jelly, Immunity Booster, Carica papaya, Piper betel.

Synergistic Pulmonary Delivery via Cocrystal Based Dry Powder Inhaler: Theophylline and Glycopyrronium Bromide Combination

Harita Desai, Sakshi Jaiswal, Gaurav Bhave

Abstract:
Theophylline is widely used for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and asthma as a bronchodilator drug. Glycopyrronium bromide (GB) is a bronchodilator belonging to the class of Muscarinic antagonists. Theophylline drug has been widely studied for phase transformation and crystal structure properties. The objective of the current research work was to develop drug-drug cocrystals comprising of Theophylline and Glycopyrronium bromide by sonocrystallization method in stoichiometric ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The cocrystals were evaluated for visual morphology, saturated solubility, in vitro drug release, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy. Cocrystals with highest saturation solubility were considered optimised and were further freeze-dried with a carrier and formulated into dry powder inhaler. The freeze-dried cocrystals were evaluated for flow properties, FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM studies and in vitro lung deposition studies. Based on solubility and dissolution rate, 1:1 was found to be the most optimized stoichiometric ratio. The Theophylline: Glycopyrronium cocrystal in the ratio of 1:1 was found to show 8 fold enhancement in saturated solubility in water and 8.6 fold enhancement in saturated solubility in simulated lung fluid pH 7.4. FTIR, DSC and XRD studies were found to confirm successful cocrystallization by sonocrystallization. The freeze-dried cocrystals of Theophylline and Glycopyyronium bromide in ratio of 1:1 were found to exhibit fair flow properties. After nebulization, around 98.24% of the drug was deposited in stages 1-7 of Anderson Cascade Impactor, where it was found to be within the respirable range.

Keywords: Theophylline, Glycopyrronium Bromide, Sonocrystallization, Asthma, Bronchodilator, Drug-Drug Cocrystal.

Indian Journal of

Novel Drug Delivery ISSN 0975-5500