Volume 14, Issue 4, Oct-Dec 2022

Volume 14

October-December 2022

Floating Microspheres: A Novel Drug Delivery System

Omkar B Tipugade, Jameel Ahmed S Mulla‎

Abstract:
The motivation behind composing this audit on Floating microspheres is to gather the ongoing writing with unique spotlight on the essential system of buoyancy to accomplish gastric maintenance. Floating microsphere pledges to be a potential philosophy for gastric retention. The floating microspheres have been created trying to discharge the medication gradually into the GIT and keep up a compelling medication fixation in the serum for longer timeframe. From the system and technological factor of view, the floating drug delivery system is comparatively clean and logical approach. In this review, the current status of floating microspheres including hollow microspheres (micro balloons) and their characterization, advantages disadvantages, application, mechanism and method of preparation for gastric retention of drug are discussed. This review additionally summarizes the in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the overall performance and programs of floating microspheres.

Keywords: Floating Microspheres, Gastric Residence Time (GRT), Buoyancy.

Antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of leaves from Hypericum tomentosum

Lamouri Amina, Messaoudi Dalila, Kada Seoussen, Bouriche Hamama, Senator Abderrahmane‎

Abstract:
Hypericum tomentosum (H. tomentosum) is a medicinal plant distributed in Mediterranean region, it’s commonly used in folk medicine for different health problems. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of leaves of H. tomentosum. The aqueous extract was obtained by boiling H. tomentosum leaves in distilled water. The total phenolics and flavonoids content were determined using folin-ciocalteu’s reagent and aluminum chloride, respectively. The aqueous extract of H.tomentosum was tested for antioxidant activity as determined by DPPH^•radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, reducing power assay, ferrous ion chelating and the ability of this extract to prevent hemolysis were also performed. The result showed that aqueous extract of H.tomentosum possess high levels of polyphenols (303.10 ± 5.14 µg GAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (53.56 ± 1.74 µg QE/ mg extract). H .tomentosum exerted a powerful scavenging activity against DPPH^•radical and hydrogen peroxide with EC₅₀ values of 9.32 ± 0.96 µg/mL and 3.13 ± 0.49 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, it exerted a powerful reducing ability and inhibits ferrous ion chelating .The extract exhibited a significant protective effect against AAPH-induced erythrocytes hemolysis. This study suggests that H.tomentosum may represent a prospective source of natural antioxidants to prevent and /or to treat oxidative stress related diseases.

Keywords: Antioxidant, Hypericum tomentosum, Oxidative Stress, Polyophenols, Flavonoids.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha piperita Leaves Extracts

Sabrina Bakli, Mouna Bendjeddou, Oumaima Naili, Asma Bouguerra, Amina Zerroug, Daoud ‎Harzallah

Abstract:
M. piperita (Lamiaceae family) have been used as traditional remedies for the treatment of several diseases. In this work, we aimed to characterize the antimicrobial activity of extracts of Mentha piperita leaves. Various extracts (methanolic and aqueous) were analysed for their phenolic content and antimicrobial activity. This was done by the method of diffusion against three Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633) and three Gram- (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028) strains and a yeast (C. albicans ATCC 1024). On the other hand, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of active extracts; were determined by using the dilution method on solid medium. The results indicate that the leaves extracts are rich in polyphénols. On the other side, the Antimicrobial tests exhibited different activities depending on the strain used and the nature of the extract (methanol or aqueous). MRSA was the most sensitive since its growth was inhibited by both extracts with the widest diameter of 23.5mm, whereas Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast C. albicans were the most resistant. The results of the MIC and the MBC of active extracts showed that both extracts (methanolic and aqueous) of leaves showed the best activity against SARM (MIC: 8mg/ml; MBC: 10mg/ml). Determination of total phenols and flavonoids suggested that the antibacterial activity is attributed mainly to the richness of this plant in phenolic compounds. These preliminary results may justify the use of this plant in the treatment of certain bacterial diseases and that phenolic compounds may be exploited for therapeutic purposes, especially antibacterial.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Mentha piperita, Phenolic Compounds, MIC, MBC.

Risk Factors for Gestational Weight Gain in 676 Pregnant Women in North Africa (Algeria)

Narimane Djekkoun, Hadjer Daoudi, Hamama Gueteche, Ines Khyel, Hafida Khorsi, Veronique ‎Bach, Karima Bendoukhane, Leyla Ounis, Leila Rouabah

Abstract:
Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with a number of health complications for the mother and their offspring’s. The aim of this study was to determine the various risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain in a pregnant Algerian population. We recruited and followed 676 healthy pregnant who attended antenatal centers in Constantine, Algeria. We measured their weight and their height before/or at the start of their pregnancy (first month), as well as the weight at the end of the pregnancy. The data was collected via a validated questionnaire. The mean BMI before pregnancy for the whole population was in order 25.4 ± 4.74 kg/m², 40.80% were normal weight, 35.95% were overweight and 24.40% were obese at the start of pregnancy. Total weight gain was in order to 6.4 ± 4.96 kg, only 24.26% of pregnant gained recommended amount of weight as the IOM recommendations vs. 25.29% gained less the recommendation and 50.44% gained more the IOM recommendation. Pregnant women who are overweight and obese before pregnancy gain more weight during pregnancy. According to our study, weight gain is also influenced by eating habits (number of meals per a day) and potentilled by the frequency and the quantity of fat and sugar containing products (such as the consumption of meat, chicken, butter/marguarine and candies). GWG might be inclined in our population, by the non-practice of physical activity. This outlook will allow better management of behaviors related to weight gain in order to avoid complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

Keywords: Pregnancy, Gestational Weight Gain, Risk Factors, Obesity, Childbirth.

Epidemiological Survey of People with Celiac Disease in Sétif City, Algeria

Imène Boualeg

Abstract:
Celiac disease is a chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the small intestine, caused by the ingestion of gluten present in certain varieties of cereals (wheat, rye and barley). The aim of this work was to study the celiac disease and factors which can involved in its occurrence and development in Sétif city, Algeria. It was realize a direct and online questionnaire in which we interviewed about sixty people with celiac disease in Sétif city, Algeria. This survey includes patients aged 1 to 50 years. It is difficult to diagnose this disease, especially in adults who do not have family antecedents in advance. Through the results, celiac disease appears in women more than in men of different age groups, and its presence, especially in children, may indicate that it is affected by genetic factors. Clinical manifestations that appear after eating gluten include abdominal pain, bloating, severe diarrhea or constipation, severe weight loss, anemia, and lack of absorption of nutrients, especially vitamins, which can lead to several other diseases. Based on the results of this study, there is no definitive treatment for this pathology but a program aims to develop the means of early diagnosis and a health education can be set up. Health education helps people understand celiac disease. Early diagnosis allows early detection of disease and makes to follow a gluten-free diet before any complication.

Keywords: Celiac Disease, Epidemiology, Gluten, Inflammation, Survey.

Indian Journal of

Novel Drug Delivery ISSN 0975-5500

Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery ISSN 0975-5500